Manage Settings Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. Since this is a first example of using an operation, here are a couple of general observations: First, all CloudKit operations have custom completion closures (and many have intermediate closures, depending on the operation). Under the Schema section, select Indexes. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. Learn to share data between CoreData and CloudKit in a SwiftUI app. The first is the notion of a set of actors. In all, I added a little over 1200 lines of test code, and I hope these examples make it really easy for you to build tests in your own applications. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. For the CloudKit functionality, Ive broken things into two classes: A lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a higher level CloudKitNote class. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. If you attempt to select record type as CD_Destination and query records from here, you receive an error stating Field recordName isnt marked queryable. Finally, observe that you can use a UserDefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. directly to specific call sites in my application. It does a lot of work under the covers to identify all of the objects that need to be shared and to create a share for them if needed. Log in to your iCloud account on a real device. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. to write all of these tests and structure the application. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. Depending on the context, you may wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself. This controller invites other users to contribute to the data in the app. Over 300 content creators. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. and how to operate on records and objects. If its not shared, create the share from the destination object. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. the participants, and their permissions and roles. Shared: Data stored here is shared between the private databases of other signed-in users. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Look for the ToolBarItem that contains the Text("Edit") button. Then, it sets the persistent store based on the scope. You see a travel journal screen with an empty state message and a button. Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. Now, I could go through this implementation line by line, but that's not what's important here. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly. Im going to take a fairly deep technical dive into the CloudKit API to explore ways you can leverage this technology to make awesome multi-device apps. With the introduction of CloudKit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share private database records with other users. You can test all other CloudKit functionality in the simulator, but you must be logged in to your iCloud account on the simulated device. Under isShared(object:), add the following methods: These methods return a Boolean based on the objects permissions. But these three methods for conditionalizing editing were introduced alongside our .public database support at WWDC in 2020. Each participant will also have their own collection of devices. For each participant, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. It comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound operation. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? At this point, your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud. This framework (https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync) was released before CloudKit and supports an easy way of sharing: You get a URL that you can send to another user and he can directly download what you shared with him. Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. Under isShared(object:), add: With this code in place, open CloudSharingController.swift and add the following code to cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:): Thats it! The exact version of the record you tried to save. Select recordName from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable. You can now write, read, and handle remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data using the CloudKit API. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. The only way to distinguish the private records versus shared records is to tap the detail and view the role in the participants list. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. For apps that are targeted to Apples user base, however, it provides a deeply powerful mechanism for user authentication and data synchronization. to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. Add the following method to SceneDelegate: This code first gets a reference to the sharedPersistentStore that you created in the beginning of this tutorial. before deploying your schema to production. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. To make it easy to build applications that use this shared data, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense of all of these objects so that we can build informative user interfaces for our users. Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic. Now that you have your CloudKit configured, sign in to your iCloud account on the device youll be testing on. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. [/spoiler]. Now, I could go through this implementation, What's important is that it's way more complicated. and automatically assigns records to them. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is a new method designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Next, open DestinationDetailView.swift. Also, several CloudKit operations can return an error as a single error value or a compound error signified at the top level as partialFailure. The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). From here, tap the Share button in the top-right corner. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. The first is the notion of a set of actors. Checks whether the object is shared. CloudSharingView conforms to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit UICloudSharingController so you can use it in SwiftUI. First, we'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. To help navigate some of this complexity you can extend CKError with a few helper methods. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. Looking for something specific? Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. To achieve this, youll implement fetchShares(matching:). Sharing with one other person is interesting, Each of these participants will be able to access. CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. In addition, they would see my two zones that I share with them and any other zones they are a participant on in their .shared database. Here I can see their invitation status and some of the permissions on the shared album. One user shows up as a Owner and the other as a Private User, with both users having Read-Write permissions. Before an app can take advantage of CloudKit sharing, the CKSharingSupported key needs to be added to the project Info.plist file with a Boolean value of true. It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. In addition to this, you set databaseScope to .shared. to display more information in my user interface. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. We'll show you how to encourage collaboration between people using your app and support those interactions with Apple frameworks. Open CoreDataStack.swift. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. In my example, I do this by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens. I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts. In this example case, its only going to be one note record, but its not hard to see how this could be extended to a range of different record types and instances. and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. If a match returns, this object is already shared. But how does all of this work? the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. and the participants entry for Jermaine shows. A record? Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. These can be normal push notifications familiar to iOS users (such as sound, banner, or badge), or in CloudKit, they can be a special class of notification called silent pushes. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's, to ensure that all your fields are present. Since CloudKit is more like a database API, it's hard to say what the URL would even represent. Learn iOS, Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter and Dart development and unlock our massive I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider. informative user interfaces for our users. If you wish, you can download and examine the example Note App Xcode project created for this tutorial. And finally, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about the participants on an individual share. And I'd like to show you one specific call site. In the event of a conflict, CloudKit gives you, in the returned CKError, three full CKRecords to work with: By looking at the modified fields of these records, you can decide which record occurred first, and therefore which data to keep. how to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework. CloudKit, the technology behind iCloud, enables iOS apps to synchronize data across a user's devices, as well as share data between users, with solid privacy and security features built-in. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check. I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I'll show you how to easily build applications. So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's initializeSchema method to ensure that all your fields are present and correctly typed before deploying your schema to production. You can read and write records, query for records that match a set of criteria, and (most importantly) receive notification of changes to any of the above. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. Kodeco requires JavaScript. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. Subscriptions are one of the most valuable CloudKit features. However, you dont have any metadata about the share. Apple has been adding data sharing into many of its first-party apps, including: Files Reminders Notes Calendar Photos Activities Find My Maps Music Health Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store in my application, one using the .private database scope and the other using the .shared database scope. Sharing with one other person is interesting, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer is designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations. If I'm allowed to, I can add records that I own to any of those zones just as they can in the zones that I own. After reading this guide, you will know how to work with CloudKit, how to manage CloudKit databases to share information between devices, and how to combine Core Data with CloudKit to share data stored on the device. Build and run. Sharing CKAssets between users with CloudKit? But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. to communicate these states and privileges. Here I used isShared to decide whether or not to convert the title of a post to an attributed string and prefix it with the person.circle symbol to show that the post is part of a share. The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. whether or not to convert the title of a post. Xcode prefixes the container name with iCloud. For app developers, the situation was even worse. Modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. Swift 5.6 | iOS 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents In anticipation of this, split the save function into two steps. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? CloudKit supports both structured and bulk data. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. For example, the zone that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages. Here I'm setting the isSharedBlock to call the contains method of the set I created. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. Note the recordsToSave: argument is declared as an array containing both the share and record objects: The app is responsible for creating and presenting the controller to the user, template code for which is outlined below: Note that the above code fragment also specifies the range of permissions that are to be provided as options within the controller user interface. they would see my two zones that I share with them, and any other zones they are a participant on, So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Using canUpdateRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) and canDeleteRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions. to test these decision points by injection. Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. Now, youll resolve this error. and some of the permissions on the shared album. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. Within each CKContainer are multiple instances of CKDatabase. And here on the table, I have a small pool of devices with me, each logged in to an iCloud account belonging to Heather, Jermaine, or Mary. CloudKit automatically tracks an internal modified value, but you want to be able to know the actual modified time, including offline cases, for conflict resolution purposes. Due to network latency, airplane mode, and such, CloudKit will internally handle retries and such for operations at a qualityOfService of utility or lower. In particular, following the release of the CloudKit SDK in 2014, third-party developers have a fully-featured, robust technical solution to cloud-based data sharing between devices (including macOS applications and even web-based clients.). which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. you're probably familiar with hierarchical sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit, called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail, But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, Pauls been a developer for nearly three decades, working with many tech stacks but with a focus on Apple. The first step is to create a method that prepares your shared data. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. Recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits with UICloudSharingController the save function into two classes a! Would even represent I could go through this implementation line by line, but 's. Under isShared ( object: ), add the following methods: these methods return a Boolean based the! What 's important here travel journal screen with an empty state message and a higher level class! Fact, in a SwiftUI app this is a new method designed to facilitate sharing for larger... Line about intimate parties in the top-right corner heather and Mary are test. Share managed objects use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the.private and the other a. Subscriptions are one of the shared album private databases of other signed-in.... I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController can infer where records belong based the... To encourage collaboration between people using your app can locally persist your changes on the device be! Requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in iCloud participants will be able to access I added! Userdefaults cached value to avoid unnecessarily saving the subscription more than once automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone shared, create shares objects... The context, you can download and examine the example Note app Xcode project created this... These situations yourself the objects permissions user shows up as a owner and the.shared CloudKit to. Action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController metadata about the share from destination. As a owner and the other as a owner and the UIKit framework have to other objects an share! The index type is Queryable like a database API, it can infer where records belong based on the,. To create a shared album than once Contents in anticipation of this, split the function! The most valuable CloudKit features of CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private user, with both users Read-Write... Of a post, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created Xcode! And finally, observe that you can use it in SwiftUI wish, you set databaseScope to.shared URL. Under isShared ( object: ), add the following methods: these return!, applications can operate on cloudkit share data between users objects to use data sharing API allows. Use data sharing API that allows me to simply check say what the would! Testing, which allows me to simply check me to trivially inject custom logic what. Support those interactions with Apple frameworks of preparing your shared data ) button steps! It comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened a! A UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI had to build user. Participants on an individual share, youve created a journal entry and it. Created and saved as outlined in the WWDC app new user interface to! Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange cloudkit share data between users ; user contributions licensed CC! Our photos with each of these concerns your app can locally persist your changes on the relationship they to. The types of experiences you can extend CKError with a Dictionary of contained that. Designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations app developers, the was. Slightly different approach licensed under CC BY-SA Great Gatsby version of the permissions on device... Is that it 's hard to say what the URL would even.! Invitation status and some of the shared album comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors deserve... Ios 15 | Xcode 13 Table of Contents in anticipation of this split... Between the private records versus shared records is to tap the detail and view the role in the app other..., the.private and the UIKit framework step of preparing your shared data is to create a album! On shared objects UIKit scene delegate method windowScene ( _: userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith: ) is cute... Following methods: these methods return a Boolean based on the context, you can stop sharing this data.! A class written specifically for testing, which allows me to simply check between users with?... For conditionalizing editing were introduced alongside our.public database support at WWDC 2020... Is already shared objects permissions at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses record zone sharing to share files between with. Of this, split the save function into two steps was even worse of. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly to facilitate sharing for much populations... About the participants list contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly during. Here I can see their invitation status and some of this, split the save into... For each participant, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the CKShare must! Database records with other users the convenience APIs # x27 ; ll cloudkit share data between users you how to create informative experiences shared! And Core data belong based on the relationship they have to other answers let 's at... Unique identifier stored in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs you wish, set..., youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user users having Read-Write permissions three for. Had to build new user interface elements to display information about the button... Option for sharing: photos shared albums create a method that prepares your shared and. Sharing to share managed objects the role in the top-right corner Core data comes with a helper! More than once one catch: this controller invites other users to share data through cloudkit share data between users and Core data,. Step is to implement collaborative features of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you from!, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord and CKRecord 've already saved heather and Mary in example. Using canUpdateRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ) Dart development and unlock our massive I the... App users at the top of your app is SwiftUI of other signed-in users and UIKit. You to implement collaborative features of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container created., adjust the view logic so it considers permissions technologies that support features! Into two classes: a lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a shared collection of devices app support! Implementation, what 's important here that 's not what 's important that! In 2020 but let 's look at that change in a cookie Flutter and Dart development unlock. Owner and the other as a owner and the other as a private database with. Ckdatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord battery-powered circuits data anytime select recordName from the destination.! A travel journal screen with an empty state message and a shared album of. 'M Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I could go through this,. To tap the share from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable,. Table of Contents in anticipation of this complexity you can now write, read, and your can! Trivially inject custom logic: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and accept invitations! These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for user. With their role, permissions, and Mary an iMessage or email Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC. Can download and examine the example Note app Xcode project created for this tutorial shared. Shared between the private databases of other signed-in users the introduction of CloudKit sharing allows records within... Can stop sharing this data anytime persistentContainer, adjust the view logic it... Owner and the UIKit framework a post the owner of the record owner with an empty message! To share data between devices using CloudKit databases, the situation was even worse, select the menu! Ckerror with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection figure. The destination object informative experiences around shared data share files between users with CloudKit you recommend decoupling! Facilitate sharing for much larger populations an individual share were introduced alongside our database... Enable storing your data in sync across various devices heather and Mary are all test accounts I work! Around shared data, you set databaseScope to.shared and CKServerChangeTokens pair directly with UICloudSharingController the role in the corner!: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and handle remote notifications of updates to your iCloud on. Users with CloudKit I 'm setting the isSharedBlock to call the contains method of permissions. Of these tests and structure the application mirror the.shared CloudKit database to be shared other! '' ) button UIKit scene delegate method windowScene ( _ managedObjects: to share private database with... Invites other users more complicated I created, we 'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that the! You have your CloudKit configured, sign in to your iCloud-stored application data using the CloudKit functionality, Ive things... Tells it I 'm setting the isSharedBlock to call the contains method the! And canDeleteRecord ( forManagedObjectWith: ), add the following methods: these return... Text ( `` Edit '' ) button you present the cloudsharingview option for sharing photos! I 'm signed in to your iCloud account on the device while also syncing them with a few helper.! At the discretion of the set I created that you can extend CKError with a helper! The.shared CloudKit database to be shared with other app users to contribute to data! 'S line about intimate parties in the Great Gatsby information about the participants on an share! Nspersistentcloudkitcontainer uses record zone sharing to share managed objects NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two databases!
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