. The caldera is not perfectly formed. So, let's start with these 16 fun facts about volcanoes. A hydrothermal eruption occurred on 7th June 2002 at El Pinta Crater. Volcanoes: Interesting Facts and F.A.Q. A minute later, a second quake measuring magnitude-4.3 hit, several mild aftershocks have followed. Tectonic plates are pieces of the Earth's surface that fit together like a jigsaw. This is because most of the Mauna Loa is below the ocean surface. The most viable solution would be to extract heat from the site, by drilling some 10km down and pumping water down at high pressure. 1-5 Volcano Facts 1. Up to 8000 people were evacuated from around the volcano after an explosive eruption of Galeras on 14th February 2009. An eruption occurred at Galeras volcano, Colombia on 20th November 2009, causing 1000 evacuations. Volcano Fun Facts for Kids. The Galeras volcano can be seen from Pasto, as well as the municipalities of Nario, La Florida, Sandon, Consac, and Yacuanquer, among others, all of which lie on its lower slopes. The earthquakes have placed local authorities in the nearby city of Pasto, capital of Narino Province, on high alert as they fear that the currently dormant volcano might enter a new eruptive phase. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. Two hundred . Narvez M., Lourdes; Torres C., Roberto A.; Gmez M., Diego M.; Corts J., Gloria Patricia; Cepeda V., Hctor; Stix, John (1997). Rock falls and pyroclastic flows were reported from towns as distant as Consac, 11.4 kilometres (7.1mi) west of the main crater. Line A-B marks the location of the plate tectonics cross-section on this page. The volcano has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the past 100,000 years. Galeras Volcano is part of the Pacific ring-of-fire; it is located in southwestern Colombia, just north of the border with Ecuador and less than 100 miles from the Pacific coast. The active cone of the volcano, which has grown in a large horseshoe-shaped caldera created by a large edifice collapse, has been erupting for the past 4,500 years, but the volcanic complex has been active for more than a million years. The Taal caldera is filled with lakes because of the past eruptions between 140,000 and 5,380 BP. Wind direction according to the weather station installed at the top of Galeras, is toward the west coast. A Decade Volcano conference in the city of Pasto, in 1993, ended in disaster when several of the scientists present mounted an impromptu (unscheduled) expedition on 14 January to the crater of Galeras. The eruption was accompanied by acoustic waves. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium This volcano is monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. Mayon Volcano with cloudy hat- Author; Patryk Reba- Wikimedia. We hope you enjoyed these interesting facts about volcanoes, also check 28 Facts About Gravity That Will Blow your Mind Believe it or not, a volcanic eruption can help to enrich nearby land. As in 2005, the city of Pasto was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion (due to the direction of the wind). The volcano erupted on January 3, 2010, forcing the evacuation of 8,000 people. On 24th May 9000 people were evacuated from near the volcano as a precaution. Galeras, Colombia. Ash fell on Pasto and some other towns near the volcano. We're aiming to achieve uninterrupted service wherever an earthquake or volcano eruption unfolds, and your donations can make it happen! Traffic restrictions have affected the highway linking Pashto to areas close to Galeras. It is the most active volcano in Colombia. The volcanic activity still continues, dropping volcanic ash on the . Ashfall was reported in the Municipalities of Sandona, Ancuya, Linares, La Llanada, and Sotomayor. The eruption ejected lapilli, ash, and clay. 2004 Eruption Eruptions in more recent times, which have been recorded consist of those in 1535, December 1580, July 1616, 1641, 1670, 1754, November 1796, June 1823, October 1828, 1834, October 1865, July 1889, 1891, December 1923, October 1924, October 1932, February 1936, July 1947, January 1950, 1974, February 1989, January 1990, January 1993, March 2000, June 2002, July 2004, November 2005, and October 2007. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. <> 2005 Eruptions An eruption occurred at Galeras volcano on 2nd January 2010. ash was ejected to a height of 12 km. Caption modified from Jet Propulsion Lab press release P-45441 March 30, 1995, by Stanley Williams and Fen Montaigne(published by Houghton Mifflin 270 pages, 2001). However, the prediction was based simply on the one seismographic printout viewed in the light of previous history of Galeras, without any additional scientific measurements showing any serious activity within the volcano. Public domain photo by Henry Ernesto Escobar Meneses. Galeras. Volcanoes can be good for the landscape! Since that second eruption, part of the caldera wall has collapsed, possibly due to instabilities caused by hydrothermal (high-temperature water) activity, and later eruptions have built up a smaller cone inside the now horseshoe-shaped caldera. Galeras erupted again on August 25, 2010, with an ash plume visible in the air. 2. Mauna Kea also in Hawaii is a taller volcano with a height of 4,207 m but currently is dormant. Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century native people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nario, near the departmental capital Pasto. [7], On January 17, 2008, the volcano erupted around 20:06 (local) (01:06 UTC). The eruption column was estimated at 10 km high and drifting north. The city and towns' evacuation was ordered, but reportedly ignored. There are confirmed reports that the eruption was heard in the city of Popayan, over 150 km NNE of the volcano. Galeras is an andesitic stratovolcano that is part of an older volcanic complex. If you thought it was safe to stand a few feet away from a volcano, think again. 1. There were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. The largest volcanoes on planet Earth are shield volcanoes. Read also: 5 Interesting Facts You must know about Japan. One phenomenon, which seems to be a reliable precursor to eruptive activity, is a low-frequency seismic event known as a tornillo event. There were at least two explosions, and emission of incandescent material, along with a sulphurous smell. 4 0 obj More than 300,000 residents live within 25 miles from the volcano, making it the most dangerous volcano in Mexico. Maintaining our website and our free apps does require, however, considerable time and resources. The local authorities ordered two water treatment plants near Galeras to shut down. South America currently has a few dozen active volcanoes. A prediction had been made three days before the eruption, based on B-Type activity seen on a seismograph. Galeras has been an active volcano for at least a million years. The first eruption was on 21st March, and the second eruption on 5th April, The eruptions were preceded by tornillo earthquakes. 560,000 years ago, and sometime between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago. Chuck Wood of VolcanoWorld was on Galeras at that time but was not injured. No injuries or damage were reported.[12]. The eruptive column showed three levels of dispersion. Between 12,000 and 5,000 years ago, several edifice collapses occurred because of hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic complex; one of these created the breach in the caldera in which the active stratocone now sits. Usually found in a mountain, the opening allows gas, hot magma and ash to escape from beneath the Earth's crust. Maximum ashfall distance was at Ancuya, Linares, and Sotomayor (40 km NW). Here are 25 Interesting facts about Volcanoes that you probably didn't know before reading this! Pele's hair, named after the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes, is a glass fiber formed through the stretching of molten basaltic glass from lava. She also writes the Magma Cum Laude blog, and in what spare time she has left, she enjoys rock climbing and playing various stringed instruments. Located on the planet Mars, Olympus Mons stands at 88,583 ft or more than three times the height of Earth's tallest mountain, Mount Everest. M4.5 earthquake near Galeras volcano kills 2 people. It glows bright orange and is held in a chamber within the volcano. The answer is it varies! The eruption caused ashfall in Pashto and surrounding villages. The column reached a height of about 8 km, with dispersal to the east, at an altitude of 2500 m, the plume of ash was to the west, and between these two levels, the ash moved north. 7722'W) is a 4200 m-high andesitic volcano in the SW Colombia (Nario department) and it is the most recent active . 6 Essential Facts Everyone Should Know about Fertility, 15 Energising Facts about Weightlifting. Here is a look at some of the most interesting tidbits of information. 12. There are four major types of volcanoes: cinder cone, composite, shield, and lava domes. There are volcano observatories all over the world around a hundred, in fact. The cinder cone tends to be the least vicious, with the stratovolcano being the most deadly. In an eruption in 1993, it killed a group of scientists and tourists who had been inside its crater when it erupted. Pyroclastic surges and flows are hot, turbulent clouds of tephra . Peter J. Baxter; Austin Gresham (1997). However, the prediction was based simply on the one seismographic printout viewed in the light of previous history of Galeras, without any additional scientific measurements showing any serious activity within the volcano. In this fact file, well take a look at some interesting bits and pieces about these natural formations, and why we are all still so intrigued by them. FOLLOW US. Eruptions in more recent times, which have been recorded consist of those in 1535, December 1580, July 1616, 1641, 1670, 1754, November 1796, June 1823, October 1828, 1834, October 1865, July 1889, 1891, December 1923, October 1924, October 1932, February 1936, July 1947, January 1950, 1974, February 1989, January 1990, January 1993, March 2000, June 2002, July 2004, November 2005, October 2007, January 2008, February 2009, March 2009, January 2010, and August 2010. In 1881, in one of the early expeditions, the French writer Eugenio Dussaussay was the one to climb the volcano . Required fields are marked *. Calvache V., Marta Lucia; Corts, Gloria Patricia; Williams, Stanley N. (1997). 1 0 obj They suggested that the expedition leader, geologist Stanley Williams, who survived along with four others, had ignored safety procedures. Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. Due to the presence of magma close to the surface, and the history of the volcano, INGEOMINAS has raised the alert status to the highest level RED. Galeras Volcano The most active volcano in Colombia. [3] It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia. endobj Volcanoes are Earth's geologic architects. Other eruptions similar to this event include those in 3150BC 200 years, 2580BC 500 years, 1160BC 300 years, 490BC 100 years, and in 890 AD 200 years. The caldera (crater) is the ash-colored, roughly circular feature to the left of image center. The Colombian government has repeatedly ordered evacuations to temporary shelters, of more than 8500people residing in the highest risk areas surrounding the volcano,[5][6] with hopes of eventual assistance toward permanent relocation. While many take millennia to appear, there are some that only take weeks or months to grow to full height! Historic records of eruptions at Galeras date back to the 16th century, and the active cone is part of a volcanic complex that has been erupting for more than one million years. Numerous minor tremors and ash emissions since March 2006 culminated on 12 July 2006 in three explosive eruptions, producing an ash and gas column reaching an altitude of 8 kilometres (5.0mi). Located in southwest Colombia, 4,270-m high Galeras Volcano rises 1,600 m above Pasto, the capital city and economic nucleus of Narino Province (Figure 1 ). Elements in the media made the event controversial. The money and infrastructure required in such a project, however, would be epic, so it remains an idea rather than a reality. This identified it as a target for detailed study as part of the United Nations' "International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction". The Hawaiian Islands took the record of the most prominent and largest shield volcano in the world. Sources and analyses predict that there may be around 20 volcanoes erupting at any one time. Official records held that 165 villages and towns surrounding Krakatoa were destroyed and 132 more were seriously damaged. Further reading The Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajkull was considered dormant for almost 200 years, but in 2010 woke up. (Image credit: NASA.) Source:SIR-C/X-SAR Space radar images of Earth at JPL. Typically eruptions occur every 20-30 minutes, with ash emissions to 100-400 m above the crater, and projectiles ejected onto the crater rim. Galeras is one of 15 volcanoes worldwide that are being monitored by the scientific community as an "International Decade Volcano" because of the hazard that it represents to the local population. Are hot, turbulent clouds of tephra target for detailed study as part of the crater. Study as part of an older volcanic complex volcano observatories all over the world around a hundred, in of! 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